Overview
Bruises (contusions) are dark, discolored areas on the skin that form when blood seeps into surrounding tissue beneath the skin, often due to a bump or hit to the body.
Bruises do not always occur at the exact site of the trauma, as gravity can cause them to appear in another location.
Bruises can be a sign of internal bleeding.
First Aid Guide
If there is external bleeding in addition to bruising, attempt to stop the bleeding before attending to the bruising. General measures for stopping bleeding are as follows:
- Locate the source of the bleeding.
- Wash your hands and, when possible, wear gloves or use a barrier between you and the wound.
- Remove any loose debris. Note: Do NOT pull debris from a wound that is embedded.
- With a sterile or clean dressing, apply direct pressure.
- Unless a broken bone is suspected, elevate the injured area above the heart.
If the bleeding does not stop after 15 minutes of the above measures, seek prompt medical care.
Self-care measures for bruises are as follows:
- Apply a cold compress to the affected area to reduce the swelling. Note: Do not put ice directly on the skin. Cold compresses can be applied for 30–60 minutes a day until the bruising subsides.
- If the bruise is on an extremity (eg, arm or leg), raise it above the heart to reduce the flow of blood to the affected area.
Take a pain reliever (eg, acetaminophen, Tylenol®) for pain, if needed.
