The Dangers of Tanning: Skin Cancer in Younger People

Skin cancer is now the most prevalent form of cancer in America. The common belief is that skin cancer primarily affects older individuals who have had decades of exposure to the sun. However, we are now finding that skin cancer is skewing to a younger demographic. The reasons are not entirely clear, but we can speculate as to the causes. In my practice, I’m treating skin cancer more frequently among people as young as 25.

The explanation may be as simple as an increased understanding and recognition of skin cancer over the last 20 years. It’s only been in the past 5 years that direct consumer marketing has promoted skin cancer awareness.

Another explanation may be the tremendous surge in the popularity of tanning salons among younger people, especially young women. A common misconception is that artificial tanning is risk free. But exposure to the ultraviolet light of a tanning bed presents the same risks as exposure to the sun. In fact, exposure to artificial tanning rays increases the long-term risks of wrinkling and eventual skin cancer because the most common rays used (UVA) penetrate deeply into the skin.

Research shows that people who use tanning beds more than once a month are over 50% more likely to develop malignant melanoma, the most deadly form of skin cancer. This growing exposure to artificial ultraviolet light in younger patients is compounded by their generally invincible attitude and inclination to dismiss or overlook unusual changes in their skin.

If you frequent a tanning salon, you are putting yourself at risk for skin cancer and changes associated with aging (wrinkling, blemishes, and that “leathery” skin appearance). The danger is greatest for people with fair skin, red or light hair, and light-colored eyes. The risk is also greater in people who burn easily, have had skin cancer, or have a family history of skin cancer.

Another hypothesis is causing considerable debate – increased greenhouse effect caused by the gradual breakdown of the earth’s protective ozone layer. Ozone in the atmosphere absorbs much of the harmful ultraviolet rays from the sun. I am among many other dermatologists who suspect that the thinning of the ozone layer and perhaps other changes in the atmosphere that we cannot account for just yet are allowing more harmful ultraviolet light to penetrate the earth’s atmosphere, putting us at greater risk. This is conjecture on my part, but as the prevalence of skin cancer grows, so does my belief in the correlation.

Regardless of your age, be aware of the dangers of skin cancer, and take preventative measures to avoid the risks. Minimize your exposure to ultraviolet rays, both artificial and natural. Consider the “spray-on tans.” (You can smile, but they’ve come a long way!) And use common sense as a tool, too. Protect your skin with sun-protective clothing such as wide-brimmed hats, long-sleeved shirts, and long pants or skirts, and don’t spend much time outside during peak radiation hours (10 AM – 3 PM). Apply your sunscreen (with SPF 30 or more) at least 30 minutes before sun exposure, and reapply every 2 or 3 hours.

Most importantly, be aware of the current condition of your skin. If you see any suspicious mole, sore, or skin growth, contact your physician immediately.